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地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

第1篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

【關(guān)鍵詞】舉例 復(fù)合句 where 系統(tǒng)比較 首先我們對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的組成要素進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的剖析,定語(yǔ)從句有四個(gè)要素組成:主句,從句,先行詞和關(guān)系詞。而關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞(which, that, who, whom等)和關(guān)系副詞(where,when, why等)。如句(1)中,The place is changing a lot 是主句,而which后面的句I visited last year是從句,which是關(guān)系代詞,the place 是先行詞。組成定語(yǔ)從句的這四個(gè)要素缺一不可,有時(shí)候如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,比如在句(1)中,which可以省略,因?yàn)閣hich在這里做的visit的賓語(yǔ)。

(1)The place which I visited last year is changing a lot.

(2)The place where I lived before is changing a lot.

在where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,和關(guān)系代詞的比較和運(yùn)用也是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),比如在句(2)中,關(guān)系詞用的是where,而不能用關(guān)系代詞which或that,這是因?yàn)樵诰洌?)中,從句I lived before不缺賓語(yǔ),因此只能用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。因此可以總結(jié)到,在定語(yǔ)從句中,如果先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名次,而從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用where引導(dǎo),有事可以用“介詞+which”來(lái)引導(dǎo),比如句(2)中where可以用in which來(lái)代替。

二、Where在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用及比較

名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞,根據(jù)它在句中語(yǔ)法功能,名詞從句主要分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。與定語(yǔ)從句不同,名詞從句的組成要素只有三個(gè):主句,從句和連接詞。而連接詞可分為連接代詞(一般有what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever等)和連接副詞(when, whenever, where, wherever等)以及在句子不做成分的連接詞(that, if和whether)。如句(3)、句(4)和句(5):

(3)I don’t know what you want.

(4)I don’t know where I should go now.

(5)I don’t know whether he will come here or not.

從上面的三個(gè)句子我們可以得知,what等連接代詞在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí),主句和從句都缺成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),如句(3)中主句缺賓語(yǔ),從句也缺賓語(yǔ),因此這類(lèi)連接代詞一般在名詞從句中不僅起到連接主從句的作用,還在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。而where等連接副詞在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí),一般情況從句不缺成分(主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)),只在從句中做狀語(yǔ)成分,如句(4)中,從句就不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。Whether, if 和that 這三個(gè)詞在名詞從句只起到連接主從句的作用,在主從句中不做任何成分。

下面的四個(gè)例子具體說(shuō)明了where在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用。在句(6)where引導(dǎo)是主語(yǔ)從句,在句(7)中where引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,在句(8)中where引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,在句(9)中,where引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。

(6)Where the books will sell depends on the market

(7)We should decide now where we will go for the holiday.

(8)I have no idea where we will go.

(9)This place is where I lived before.

三、Where在狀語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用及比較

Where一般引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,我們經(jīng)常說(shuō)的一句諺語(yǔ)“where there is a will, there is a way”就是where引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)典型的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。下面的例子具體說(shuō)明了where在時(shí)間從句中的運(yùn)用:

(10)He lived where there was a poor village.

(11)Everywhere she went, she was warmly welcomed.

從上面的例子可以看出在引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中,where一般表示一個(gè)確定的但非特指的地點(diǎn),翻譯成“在…的地方”,如句(10)可譯成“他以前生活在一個(gè)比較窮的山村里?!?;而anywhere 和everywhere 則表示強(qiáng)調(diào),翻譯成“任何地方”。如句(11)可譯成“她所到之處,都受到熱烈歡迎?!?/p>

四、Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

首先,句子結(jié)構(gòu)上不同。Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),where前面必然有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,即先行詞,如句(2)中的where前面有先行詞the place;而where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),則它前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,比如句(10)中where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,只有動(dòng)詞lived。

其次,Where在主從句中的作用不同。當(dāng)where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),where是指代地點(diǎn)名詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),修飾的是從句的謂語(yǔ),如句(2)中where代指的是in the place,修飾的是lived。當(dāng)where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),where在從句中不充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),Where所引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句修飾的是主句的謂語(yǔ),充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵骶渲^語(yǔ)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)成分。

再者,where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能改寫(xiě)成“介詞+which”的表達(dá)形式。在定語(yǔ)從句中,如果where前面的先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞,一般可以改寫(xiě)成“介詞+which”的形式。如句(2)中,可以將其中的where替換成in which即: The place in which I lived before is changing a lot.相比之下,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中的where是不能替換為“介詞+which”的。另外,在where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,我們還可以用其他形式來(lái)代替,比如以下幾個(gè)例子:

(12)The place in which I lived before is changing a lot.

(13)The place which I lived in before is changing a lot.

(14)The place that I lived in before is changing a lot.

(15)The place I lived in before is changing a lot.

一般情況下,在定語(yǔ)從句中,“介詞+which”的表達(dá)形式多樣,最常見(jiàn)的就是句(12)中的形式,但是如果把這種形式中的介詞放在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面,可以有三種變體。第一種變體就是句(13)的用法,直接把介詞放在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面;第二種如句(14)可以把which 用that來(lái)代替;第三種就是句(15)的用法,可以把句(13)和(14)中的which和that省略,因?yàn)樵谶@里which和that做的是介詞in的賓語(yǔ)(在定語(yǔ)從句中,如果關(guān)系代詞which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ),可以省略)。

參考文獻(xiàn):

第2篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

【關(guān)鍵詞】英漢狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序 認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)

【中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)】G642 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1006-9682(2012)06-0070-03

一、狀語(yǔ)概述

1.狀語(yǔ)的定義

在英語(yǔ)中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分叫做狀語(yǔ)。在漢語(yǔ)中用在動(dòng)詞、形容詞前邊,用來(lái)修飾限制動(dòng)詞、形容詞的句子成分叫做狀語(yǔ)。從定義中我們看出,英語(yǔ)對(duì)狀語(yǔ)的定義比漢語(yǔ)更為廣泛,其修飾副詞和全句的句子成分也是定語(yǔ)。

2.充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的成分

在英語(yǔ)中,狀語(yǔ)由副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)表示。漢語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)由副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。在英語(yǔ)中從句也可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),這是英漢不同之處。

3.狀語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)

英語(yǔ)中,狀語(yǔ)分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、程度狀語(yǔ)、度量狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)十種。漢語(yǔ)中,狀語(yǔ)可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、程度狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)六種。從種類(lèi)上看,英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)也比漢語(yǔ)多,因此,從以上對(duì)比看,以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該不是十分困難。但是狀語(yǔ)在句子中的順序在兩種語(yǔ)言之間存在較大差異,這種在語(yǔ)序上的差異給學(xué)習(xí)者習(xí)得漢語(yǔ)造成很大困難。

4.狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序

英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置大至有三個(gè):句首、句中和句尾;而漢語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)位置一般在句首或句中。而且,兩種語(yǔ)言的不同的狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置也不一致。本文通過(guò)對(duì)比英漢兩種語(yǔ)言狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置,希望找到相通和差異之處,提高學(xué)習(xí)者習(xí)得漢語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序的效率。

二、英漢狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序?qū)Ρ?/p>

1.單一狀語(yǔ)的位置

單一詞或短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),狀語(yǔ)在句中的位置最復(fù)雜。漢語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的位置不太固定,但大多位于主謂之間,常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語(yǔ)——狀語(yǔ)——謂語(yǔ)——賓語(yǔ)。也有少數(shù)狀語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前,作句首狀語(yǔ)的情況?!爱?dāng)……時(shí)候”、“由于……”這類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)多置于句首。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),“為了……”、“對(duì)于……”以及“剛才”、“忽然”

等少數(shù)副詞可在句首,也可在句中。除此之外,其它狀語(yǔ)很少能置于主語(yǔ)之前。

英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的位置更顯復(fù)雜,除句首、句中之外,還有在句尾。其中以句尾最為常見(jiàn),形成了典型英語(yǔ)句式“主語(yǔ)——謂語(yǔ)——賓語(yǔ)——狀語(yǔ)”。

(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般都位于句首或句中。例如:

現(xiàn)在我們可以看到許多華人在美國(guó)成就卓然。(句首狀語(yǔ))

你現(xiàn)在怎么還不睡?(句中狀語(yǔ))

英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以置于句首、句中和句尾。例如:

But now I feel it’s very easy to get inside.(句首狀語(yǔ))

Career women now shop at couture.(句中狀語(yǔ))

“I removed them all”,the doctor declared.“we’ll close now”.(句尾狀語(yǔ))

(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

漢語(yǔ)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)既可放在句中,又可放在句首;英語(yǔ)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)只能位于句首或句尾。例如:

在北京電報(bào)局營(yíng)業(yè)大廳內(nèi),每天前來(lái)辦理入網(wǎng)手續(xù)和咨詢(xún)網(wǎng)上業(yè)務(wù)的人絡(luò)繹不絕。

一些資深喇嘛上周被迫參加在北京舉行的討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題的會(huì)議。(句中狀語(yǔ))

Autumn is the best season in Beijing.(句尾狀語(yǔ))

(3)程度狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

漢語(yǔ)的程度狀語(yǔ)一般只處于句中;而英語(yǔ)的程度副詞做狀語(yǔ)可分布在句首、句中、句尾。例如:

人們盼望我們更好。(句中狀語(yǔ))

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.(句中狀語(yǔ))

“I dislike it very much”,he replied.(句尾狀語(yǔ))

Nearly three weeks.(句首狀語(yǔ))

(4)頻度狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

漢語(yǔ)的頻度狀語(yǔ)一般處于句中,但有時(shí)也可將某些頻度狀語(yǔ)提到句首。例如:

我只是經(jīng)常唱一句越南民歌:可憐我的家鄉(xiāng)?。?/p>

每天我走你門(mén)前過(guò),都不敢進(jìn)來(lái),不是云霖告訴我說(shuō)你不會(huì)生我氣,那我今天還不敢來(lái)。

英語(yǔ)的頻度副詞狀語(yǔ)可以分為兩類(lèi):第一類(lèi)包括often,always等所有表示頻度的副詞以及以這些副詞為主體的短語(yǔ)多在句中,為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣也可以放在句首或句尾;第二類(lèi)由now and then,once a week,every other day等短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,多在句末,為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣也可在句首。例如:

Do you always get up so late.(句中狀語(yǔ))

Always remember,your focus.(句首狀語(yǔ))

If you confer a benefit,never remember it;if you receive one,remember it always.(句末狀語(yǔ))

And have you heard from him often?(句末狀語(yǔ))

He comes here once a week.

The doctor comes to the hospital every other day.

2.多重狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

(1)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

英語(yǔ)中如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),那么表示較短時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)在前,表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)在后,這一點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)正好相反。例如:

I saw that film on Sunday evening last week.

我上個(gè)星期天晚上看的那個(gè)電影。

Meet him at the airport,at Gate 2,at 11:00 tomorrow morning.

在機(jī)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)他,在2號(hào)門(mén),明天早上11點(diǎn)。

(2)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

如果英語(yǔ)句中有兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),一般是小地點(diǎn)在前,大地點(diǎn)在后,這一點(diǎn)正好與漢語(yǔ)相反。例如:

He lived at the west gate Shaoxing Zhejiang.

他住在浙江紹興西門(mén)。

(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

通常,英語(yǔ)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在前,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在后,這一點(diǎn)正好與漢語(yǔ)相反。例如:

We will meet at the restaurant 8 o’clock.

我們八點(diǎn)在飯店見(jiàn)面。

(4)方式狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

一般說(shuō)來(lái),英語(yǔ)的詞序是:方式狀語(yǔ)——地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)——時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

漢語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)后的描寫(xiě)性并列式多項(xiàng)狀語(yǔ)用于平等地修飾中心語(yǔ),除了受語(yǔ)義邏輯關(guān)系、結(jié)構(gòu)平衡和表達(dá)習(xí)慣制約以外,一般沒(méi)有主次之分,順序比較靈活。

漢語(yǔ)遞加式的多項(xiàng)狀語(yǔ)比較復(fù)雜,彼此間雖無(wú)主次之分,但是必須按照一定層次關(guān)系對(duì)中心語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾。其語(yǔ)序通常為:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)——方式狀語(yǔ)——地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),或是:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)——地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)——方式狀語(yǔ)。例如:

She cuts the bottles carefully on the doorstep every day.

我們每天都小心地用刀在樹(shù)根上砍了幾下。

我經(jīng)常在家里大聲地讀書(shū)。

(5)英語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、頻度狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分布位置

一般說(shuō)來(lái),其詞序是:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)——頻度狀語(yǔ)——時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。而漢語(yǔ)是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)——頻度狀語(yǔ)——地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。(漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一般將頻度狀語(yǔ)劃入時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。[注1])例如:

He gave a lecture at the college every three days last term.

他上個(gè)學(xué)期每三天就會(huì)在大學(xué)里舉行一次演講。

3.狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)句子的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜,有些狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)的復(fù)句相對(duì)應(yīng),而有些狀語(yǔ)從句則與漢語(yǔ)的單句相對(duì)應(yīng)。

(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

英語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句的前面或后面,在漢語(yǔ)中相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是用陳述性短語(yǔ)表示的,它們通常位于句首或主謂之間。例如:

I’ll phone you when I get home from work.

我回家后就給你打電話(huà)。

Before I go, I’d like to visit the museum.

在我走之前,我想去看看博物館。

(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

英語(yǔ)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,一般位于主句的前面,有時(shí)也位于主句的后面。在漢語(yǔ)中,與此相對(duì)應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)是陳述性短語(yǔ)表示的,它們通常位于句首或主謂之間。例如:

The castle stood where the two roads meet.

那座城堡曾位于這兩條公路交匯的地方。

(3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句

漢語(yǔ)的因果復(fù)句與英語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)句相對(duì)應(yīng),表示原因的偏句相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)的從句,往往在前;而表示結(jié)果的正句相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)的主句,則常常在后。例如:

We have to hurry up,because we are late.

因?yàn)槲覀冞t了,我們得趕快。

漢語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,也可將表示原因的偏句放在正句之后。

例如:氧氣和氮?dú)饪梢詮钠渌镔|(zhì)中制取,但通常是從空氣中制取的,因?yàn)榭諝鈽O為豐富。

英語(yǔ)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前或之后都可以。例如:

I do it because I like it.

Because I like it,I will do it.

由as,since,because,seeing that等連詞引起的原因狀語(yǔ)從句既可以位于主句之前,又可以位于主句之后。

例如:As it was a public holiday,all the shops were shut.

由now that,in so much等連詞引起的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,傾向于放在首位。

例如:In so much as you have confessed,I will not punish.

但也可以放在末位。

例如:This room looks lovely now that we’ve done it up.

(4)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

漢語(yǔ)的條件復(fù)句中,表示條件的偏句一般只位于正句之前。

例如:如果你同意,我們明天一清早就出發(fā)。

只要我們刻苦訓(xùn)練,我們就一定能夠拿到金牌。

英語(yǔ)的條件狀語(yǔ)既可以在主句之前,也可居于主句之后。例如:

As long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

Send me a message in case you have any problems.

綜上所述,狀語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)較多,分布位置較靈活,其在句中的位置常依據(jù)它的結(jié)構(gòu),看它是否只有一個(gè)副詞,或是一個(gè)短語(yǔ),或是從句;也看它所表示的意義是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度或是其它。此外,還看它是否需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或需要對(duì)比。這些因素都決定狀語(yǔ)在句中的位置。

三、英漢狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序異同認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)分析

認(rèn)知過(guò)程中的圖形背景理論在一定程度上可以解釋人對(duì)客觀(guān)世界的反映和對(duì)語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用。在一個(gè)場(chǎng)景中,圖形是相對(duì)其他部分來(lái)說(shuō)的突出的下一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),作為關(guān)鍵部分被給予特別的突出,整個(gè)場(chǎng)景圍繞它組織,并為它提供背景。而其中不突出的剩余部分即是背景。大量例子證明,英語(yǔ)是把信息的理解是從核心到邊緣,從部分到整體的認(rèn)知模式,即“圖形背景模式”,先理解信息中最突出最重要的部分。因此,英語(yǔ)交際的原則是將最突出的信息放在最容易感知的信息之前。而漢語(yǔ)是把句子作為整體的模式,即“背景圖形模式”,漢語(yǔ)中的修飾成分放在句子的前面,作為語(yǔ)境,核心信息在后。所以,漢語(yǔ)遵循的是從整體到部分,從邊緣到核心的認(rèn)知順序。

綜上所述,我們得知:正常語(yǔ)序情況下,英語(yǔ)單一狀語(yǔ)、多重狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句多位于句尾。這符合我們上述分析,即英語(yǔ)先交代句子中的主要信息、核心信息——“圖形”在句子前部,然后再交代句子的次要信息(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語(yǔ))——“背景”在句子尾部。漢語(yǔ)單一狀語(yǔ)、多重狀語(yǔ)多位于句首或主謂之間。漢語(yǔ)要給出句子的次要信息——“背景”信息,然后才是整個(gè)句子的核心內(nèi)容——“圖形”。

注 釋

1 黃伯榮、廖序東.現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(增訂四版)(下)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006

2 本文中的英文例句出自:廈門(mén)大學(xué)盧偉老師的英漢雙語(yǔ)平行語(yǔ)料庫(kù)和中文語(yǔ)料庫(kù):省略/ec-corpus/ index.htm

參考文獻(xiàn)

1 Raymond Murphy .English Grammar in Use[M].Cambridge University Press,2001

2 潘文國(guó).漢英語(yǔ)對(duì)比綱要[M].北京:北京語(yǔ)言文化大學(xué)出版社,1997

3 傅新安、袁海君.漢英語(yǔ)法比較指南[M].上海:上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1993

4 胡裕樹(shù).現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)[M].上海:上海教育出版社,1981

5 黃伯榮、廖序東.現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(增訂四版)[M].北京:高等教學(xué)出版社,2007

6 黃愛(ài)蓮.英漢狀語(yǔ)詞序比較[J].株洲工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2001

7 何善芬.英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比研究[M].上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,2002

8 金積令.漢英詞序?qū)Ρ妊芯俊浞ńY(jié)構(gòu)中的前端重量原則和末端重量原則[J].外國(guó)語(yǔ)(上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)),1998(1)

9 姜文英.以漢語(yǔ)詞序教學(xué)為例看語(yǔ)言研究與語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的接口問(wèn)題[A].“國(guó)際漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)理念與模式創(chuàng)新”國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)(第七屆對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)國(guó)際研討會(huì))論文摘要集[C],2010

10 金立鑫.英漢時(shí)地狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序的一致性[J].語(yǔ)言教學(xué)與研究,1990(2)

11 劉菲露.漢英狀語(yǔ)的三維對(duì)比研究[D].南昌大學(xué),2008

12 王東風(fēng)、章干炎.英漢語(yǔ)序的比較與翻譯[J].外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,1993(4)

13 熊文華.漢英定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的位置[J].世界漢語(yǔ)教學(xué),1996(4)

14 楊自?xún)€.英漢對(duì)比研究管窺——英漢語(yǔ)言文化對(duì)比研究[M].上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,1992

15 張立玉.英漢語(yǔ)序?qū)Ρ确治觯跩].中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2002

第3篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

先行詞表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果在從句中作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)由when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。但是如果表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的先行詞在從句中不作狀語(yǔ)而作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)就只能由which或that而不能由when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。從這個(gè)角度命題增加了考生識(shí)別先行詞的性質(zhì)及在從句中的語(yǔ)法功能的能力。

【例1】That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which

C. what D. when

解析:這里that evening是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ),所以用which。句意:以后我將和你談起的那個(gè)晚上,我工作到了很晚。答案為B。

二、設(shè)計(jì)整個(gè)主句作先行詞

先行詞多為單個(gè)的名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ),但有時(shí)也引用整個(gè)主句作先行詞,此時(shí)用which或as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示“正如”之意。設(shè)計(jì)整個(gè)主句作先行詞時(shí)先行詞的識(shí)別難度增大。

【例2】It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all.

A. that B. where

C. which D. what

解析:所填詞前有逗號(hào),是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是整個(gè)主句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。其余選項(xiàng)與題干不符,故答案為C。

三、設(shè)計(jì)將先行詞置身于其他性質(zhì)的名詞中

如果從句前只有充當(dāng)先行詞的單一名詞,其性質(zhì)和功能之別的難度不大,但如果在充當(dāng)先行詞的名詞前后加一些性質(zhì)不同的名詞,先行詞及其功能的識(shí)別難度也將增大。

【例3】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A. which B. where C. what D. who

解析:分析句子成分可知, an atmosphere與修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句被for her students隔開(kāi),該從句缺少主語(yǔ),所以用which。

四、設(shè)計(jì)看起來(lái)不像時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)卻在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的先行詞

高考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空題中常設(shè)計(jì)的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),而先行詞看起來(lái)卻不像時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)之類(lèi)的詞,這樣就增加了考生識(shí)別先行詞的難度。

【例4】Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales.

A. which B. that

C. when D. where

解析:position為先行詞,后面是其定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。因此,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示在這個(gè)職位上。

五、設(shè)計(jì)用主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞把定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞隔開(kāi)

定語(yǔ)從句多放在先行詞的后面,如果設(shè)計(jì)將主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前,這樣先行詞辨別的難度就會(huì)加大。

【例5】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which B. who

C. where D. what

解析:people是先行詞而不是area是先行詞,在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)指人,所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

六、設(shè)計(jì)定語(yǔ)從句和插入語(yǔ)混合使用中的先行詞

在定語(yǔ)從句中使用一個(gè)插入短語(yǔ),使句子表達(dá)更加靈活。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)增加了考生識(shí)別先行詞和先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句法功能的難度。

【例6】 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.

A. which B. who

C. where D. whom

解析:Ellen是先行詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。由于受插入語(yǔ)for some reason的影響,增加了考生判斷先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句法功能的難度。who是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作主語(yǔ),修飾先行詞Ellen。Which修行先行詞是物的定語(yǔ)從句;whom修飾先行詞為人,且在從句中作賓語(yǔ);where修飾先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞,且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),均不符合語(yǔ)境,故排除。答案為B。

七、設(shè)計(jì)“介詞+whom/ which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句中與介詞搭配的先行詞

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們用介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom或which)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。該類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句題的難點(diǎn)是怎樣選擇介詞,而介詞的確定是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣來(lái)確定的。所以解決該類(lèi)題型的重點(diǎn)是識(shí)別定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。

【例7】Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered.

A. what B. in what

C. which D. in which

解析:心靈的護(hù)理是一個(gè)逐漸的過(guò)程,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。分析句子成分后可知,介詞in與先行詞process搭配,定語(yǔ)從句“ even the small details of life should be considered”中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where或者in which引導(dǎo),即D項(xiàng)正確。

八、設(shè)計(jì)定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型混用的先行詞

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who) +句子的其余部分”結(jié)構(gòu)中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞,而定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞也是名詞或代詞??忌诮鉀Q該類(lèi)題時(shí)必須先確定名詞或代詞是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還是定語(yǔ)從中的先行詞,這樣增加了考生辨別定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞的難度。

【例8】——Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

——Of course, I have. It was in our village

it was made.

A. that B. where

C. when D. which

解析:?jiǎn)栐?huà)人詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方是否看過(guò)《山楂樹(shù)之戀》這部電影,答話(huà)人回答說(shuō)當(dāng)然看過(guò),這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in our village。部分考生誤認(rèn)為該句是定語(yǔ)從句,誤把“village”當(dāng)做先行詞且在從句中從當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),容易誤選B。答案實(shí)則為A。

【例9】——Where did you get to know her?

——It was on the farm we worked.

A. that B. there

C. which D. where

解析:句意:——你在哪兒認(rèn)識(shí)她的?——在我們工作的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。一些考生誤認(rèn)為on the farm是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,會(huì)誤選A項(xiàng)。實(shí)際上,本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式,省略了that及句子的其他成分,在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中的名詞farm后有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,farm是先行詞。補(bǔ)充完整后該句應(yīng)為:It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her. 所以正確答案是D項(xiàng)。因此在對(duì)話(huà)題中,我們應(yīng)該多考慮一下強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句混合使用的情況。

九、設(shè)計(jì)定語(yǔ)從句與復(fù)合句混合使用中的先行詞

復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體,往往可以獨(dú)立存在;而從句僅是句子的一個(gè)成分,故不能獨(dú)立存在,必須有一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),放在主句的前面或后面。高考試題中常設(shè)計(jì)把主從復(fù)合句作為先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句放在主從復(fù)合句的中間,把主從復(fù)合句的主句和從句隔開(kāi),從而增加了考生辨別主從句作先行詞的難度。

【例10】When deeply absorbed in work, he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which

C. where D. when

解析:在題干中,“______ he often was”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為整個(gè)主從復(fù)合句“When deeply absorbed in work, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.”關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)。由此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可排除;而C和D選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中作狀語(yǔ),不合題意,也可排除。

十、設(shè)計(jì)把非限制性定語(yǔ)從句插入主句中的先行詞

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)放在句首、句中或句末。但如果設(shè)計(jì)主句為先行詞,并且把非限制性定語(yǔ)從句插入主句中,就增加了考生辨別先行詞的難度。

【例11】The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it

C. as D. what

解析:本句的先行詞是“The air quality in the city, has improved over the past two months.”把定語(yǔ)從句分割出來(lái)放在句首就很明了了,把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話(huà)用as引導(dǎo)“正如所寫(xiě)的那樣”。答案為C。

【小試身手】

1. By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A. which B. when

C. what D. that

2. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it

C. which D. this

3. Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.

A. them B. that

C. which D. what

4. In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them

C. of whom D. of them

5. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose

C. whom D. which

6. 100℃ is the temperature which water will boil.

A. for B. at

C. on D. of

7. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

A. where B. that

C. when D. which

8. John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.

A. why B. when

C. which D. that

9. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A. this B. that

C. what D. which

10. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, make all the others upset.

A. who B. which

C. what D. that

第4篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明 關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。但并不是在所有的時(shí)間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when,在地點(diǎn)名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞where,在表示原因的名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)鍵要看從句中缺少什么成分。

例1 I don’t know the reason ______ the housing prices go up so wildly.

A.why B.that C.where D.when

解析 選A。此句中的先行詞是the reason,定語(yǔ)從句是the housing prices go up so wildly,這個(gè)句子是完整的,缺少原因狀語(yǔ)for the reason,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞why來(lái)代替它。

例2 In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions ______ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.

A.which B.that C.when D.how

解析 選C。此句中的先行詞是few occasions,定語(yǔ)從句是members are confused or uncertain of their roles,缺少狀語(yǔ)on few occasions,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例3 China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ______ producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

解析 選A。此句中的先行詞是a food recall system,定語(yǔ)從句是producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards,缺少狀語(yǔ)in the system,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例4 Can you guess the year ______ my mother and my father got married?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

解析 選C。此句中的先行詞是the year,定語(yǔ)從句是my mother and my father got married,缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the year,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,可以改寫(xiě)為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明 由于關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于“介詞+名詞”,如: when相當(dāng)于on / in / during the day,where相當(dāng)于in / at the place,why相當(dāng)于for the reason。

注意:在“介詞+ which ”結(jié)構(gòu)中,介詞的選擇取決于 which 所指的名詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系,或者取決于定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞詞組與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。

例5 The National Education Department says school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent serious accidents ______ students got injured or even killed.

A. that B. in which C. by which D.when

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是accidents,定語(yǔ)從句是students got injured or even killed,缺少狀語(yǔ)in the accidents,所以選擇in which來(lái)取代關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例6 China has hundreds of islands, ______ the largest is Taiwan.

A. in which B. to which

C. from which D. of which

解析 選D。此句中的先行詞是islands,定語(yǔ)從句是the largest is Taiwan,缺少狀語(yǔ)of the islands,意為“在這些島當(dāng)中,最大的島是臺(tái)灣”,所以選擇of which來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例7 A good ad often uses words ______ people attach positive meanings.

A. in which B. to which C. which D. that

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是words, 完整的定語(yǔ)從句是people attach positive meanings to the words,缺少狀語(yǔ)to the words。從句意為“人們賦予這些單詞積極的意義”,所以選擇to which來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例8 I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction ______ she had come.

A. of which B. by which

C. in which D. from which

解析 選D。此句中的先行詞是direction,定語(yǔ)從句是she had come,缺少狀語(yǔ)from the direction,所以選擇from which來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例9 Mark was a student at this university from 2006 to 2010, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.

A. during which time B. for which time

C. during whose time D. by that time

解析 選A。此句中的先行詞是from 2006 to 2010,定語(yǔ)從句是he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union,缺少狀語(yǔ)during the time,所以選擇during which time來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

三、考查對(duì)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)性質(zhì)的判斷

考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明 當(dāng)situation,case,point,activity等作先行詞時(shí),其后常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。這些先行詞看起來(lái)并不表示地點(diǎn),容易被誤看成事物,而使用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

例10 I’ve come to the point ______ I can’t stand her arguing any longer.

A. what B. where C. which D. that

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是the point,定語(yǔ)從句是I can’t stand her arguing any longer。句意為:我已經(jīng)到了再也無(wú)法忍受她辯解的地步了。point相當(dāng)于一個(gè)點(diǎn),所以選擇where來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例11 Mary,would you like to help me to think out a situation ______ these phrases can be used at the same time?

A. which B. that C. as D. where

解析 選D。此句中的先行詞是a situation,定語(yǔ)從句是these phrases can be used at the same time,缺少狀語(yǔ)in a situation,所以選擇where來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例12 Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them?

A.why B.where C.as D.which

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是some cases,定語(yǔ)從句是drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them,缺少狀語(yǔ)in some cases,所以選擇where來(lái)引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。

例13 While public speaking focuses on an individual,debate is an activity ______ two or more speakers present their opinions in support and against a given issue.

第5篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞,副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 原因狀語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,比較狀語(yǔ)從句,目的狀語(yǔ)從句,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如:

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang.

As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

(2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里,通常不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3) 在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到……時(shí)”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如:

The young man read till the light went out.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob comes.

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

(1) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例如:

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

(2) 在條件狀語(yǔ)從句里,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.

He won’t be late unless he is ill.

(3) “祈使句+ and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。例如:

Hurry up,or you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。例如:

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.

Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

(2) because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句多放在主句之后?;卮鹩蓋hy提出的問(wèn)題,只能用because。As和since語(yǔ)氣較弱,一般用來(lái)表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從居多放在句首。例如:

―Why aren’t going there?

―Because I don’t want to.

As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3) because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。

4. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so狀語(yǔ)從句是中考詞匯和句法部分考查的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。在復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主要任務(wù)是弄清楚引導(dǎo)各種狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞的用法?,F(xiàn)就主要考查點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述如下:that, such...that, so that引導(dǎo)。例如:

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2) so...that語(yǔ)such...that可以互換。例如:

在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞/副詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “...so +形容詞/副詞+ that + 從句”。例如:

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如:

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如:

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3)如果名詞前由many/much(多), little/few(少),等詞修飾時(shí),只能用so, 不用such。例如:

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

注意:little譯為“小”時(shí)用such,譯為“少”時(shí)用so

5. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as...as, 比較級(jí)+ than...等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

Tom runs faster than John does.

This classroom is as big as that one.

6. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。例如:

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(2) so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè):1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看,目的狀語(yǔ)從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如:

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

(1) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although, though等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

Though he is young, he knows a lot.

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2) although(though)不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如:

我們不能說(shuō):Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

應(yīng)該說(shuō):Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

8. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常常由where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如:

Go where you like.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

實(shí)例解析

1. You will stay healthy you do more exercise, such as running and walking.

A. if B. how

C. before D. where

答案:A。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看,從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,所以選A。

2. ―Shall we go on working?

―Yes, I prefer to have a rest.

A. when B. if

C. because D. though

答案:D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看,只有選though才能說(shuō)得通。

3. None of us knew what had happened

they told us about it.

A. when B. until

C. after D. though

答案:B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞選擇。本句的意思是“在……以前我們沒(méi)人知道這件事?!币磉_(dá)著一意思應(yīng)用“not...until” 這一句型。

4. ―I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!

―Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a callI get there.

A. until B. as soon as

C. since D. till

答案:B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的選擇。本題的意思是“一到那里,我就給你打電話(huà)?!币磉_(dá)這個(gè)意思應(yīng)選用as soon as。

2010年中考真題練習(xí)

1. Peter likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast. (2010河北省卷)

A. until B. while

C. because D. though

2. Many students didn’t realize the importance of study they left school.(2010江蘇省鹽城市)

A. when B. until

C. as D. after

3. Scientists say it may be a few years

it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. (2010江蘇省無(wú)錫市)

A. because B. after

C. before D. since

4. ―May I go to the concert with you?(2010貴州省銅仁市)?

―I’m afraid not you have a ticket, because I have only one.

A. since B. if

C. unless D. though

5. it’s difficult to make her dream come true,she never gives up.(2010河南?。?/p>

A. Though B. Unless

C. Because D. If

6. Usually, we don’t know how important something is we lose it.(2010黑龍江省雞西市)

A. or B. until C. as soon as

7. Mr. Brown knew nothing about the good news

his wife told it to him.

A. before B. after

C. since D. if

8. A tourist will easily lose his way in Beijing

he has a map or a guide.(2010江蘇鎮(zhèn)江市)

A. if B. because

C. unless D. when

9. it snowed heavily yesterday, nobody in our class missed the lesson.(2010遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市)

A. Though B. Because

C. Unless D. Since

10. In summer, food goes bad easily

it is put in the refrigerator.(2010山西?。?/p>

第6篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

三、 考查whose的用法

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中主要用作定語(yǔ),表示它所修飾的名詞與先行詞之間為所屬關(guān)系。如:

There are some students whose questions I can?蒺t answer. 有些學(xué)生提出的問(wèn)題我回答不了。

I?蒺d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一個(gè)窗戶(hù)面向大海的房間。

值得注意的是,whose既可指人,也可指物,不要誤以為它只用于指人。請(qǐng)看一道真題實(shí)例:

―There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?

―The one hat is yellow. (2012湖北隨州)

A. who B. whose C. that D. which

分析:B。由于空格處所填的關(guān)系代詞用作定語(yǔ)修飾hat,故選B。“The one whose hat is yellow.”的意思是“戴黃色帽子的那個(gè)(是我的妹妹)”。

四、 考查關(guān)系副詞的用法

用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè),即when, where, why,它們分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因,且它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中分別用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。但是從近幾年的中考英語(yǔ)試題來(lái)看,這類(lèi)考題涉及得比較少。如:

This is the primary school I studied three years ago. (2012四川宜賓)

A. where B. when C. that D. which

分析:A。由于受定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞the primary school(小學(xué))表示地點(diǎn),所以定語(yǔ)從句用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)(同時(shí)where在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))。句意為:這就是我三年前就讀的小學(xué)。

但是,值得注意的是,不要一看到先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因,就以為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的一定是關(guān)系副詞,有時(shí)還得要分析關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中是用作狀語(yǔ)(用關(guān)系副詞)還是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(用關(guān)系代詞)。請(qǐng)看兩道真題實(shí)例:

1. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. (2012廣東)

A. who B. where C. what D. which

【答案】 D。雖然先行詞park(公園)表示“地點(diǎn)”,但此空格處不能填where,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作狀語(yǔ),而是用作賓語(yǔ)(作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ)),故此題的答案是D,而不是B。

2. I still remember the time we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year. (2012 湖北黃石)

A. when B. what C. who D. which

【答案】 D。盡管先行詞time表示“時(shí)間”,但此空格處不能填when,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作狀語(yǔ),而是用作賓語(yǔ)(作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)),故此題的答案是D,而不是A。

五、 綜合考查關(guān)系代詞和其他知識(shí)

有時(shí)命題者會(huì)將引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞與其他知識(shí)綜合在一起進(jìn)行考查。這類(lèi)試題難度很大,因此在中考試題中出現(xiàn)得不多。請(qǐng)看兩個(gè)實(shí)例:

1.―Do you enjoy My heart will go on?

―No, I prefer songs loud. (2012四川達(dá)州)

A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are

分析:C。由于先行詞songs指物,所以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞可用that或which,但A、B、C均符合此要求,而不同的是,它們后面所接的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不同。那么到底該用is還是are呢?同學(xué)們此時(shí)就要注意先行詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)了。對(duì)于此題而言,由于先行詞songs是復(fù)數(shù),所以其后定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)也要用復(fù)數(shù),故選C。

2. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week. (2012湖北咸寧)

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

分析:A。初看一眼,同學(xué)們很可能認(rèn)為此題的答案是B,因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的先行詞好像是teacher??!但是錯(cuò)了,因?yàn)閠eacher(老師)不能happened(發(fā)生),而只有story(故事)才能happened(發(fā)生),所以真正的先行詞是story而不是teacher,由于命題者用about the about將定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分開(kāi),導(dǎo)致許多學(xué)生誤選了B。

【邊學(xué)邊練】

1. I can never forget the stories my grandma told me.

A. what B. who C. them D. that

2. Please pass me the cartoon book has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.

A. whom B. whose C. who D. which

3.―What kind of movies do you like?

―I like the movies are about Chinese history.

A. who B. whom C. whose D which

4. ― What are you looking for?

― I?蒺m looking for the pen my father gave me last week.

A. who B. which

C. whose D. whom

5. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時(shí)代).

A. who B. whom

C. which D. /

6. Mr. Smith is smoking is looking for she lost yesterday.

A. whom; which

B. who; what

C. that; who

D. which; where

7. It?蒺s interesting that there are many people speak French in Canada.

A. which B. where

C. who D. what

8. I hate people don?蒺t help others when they are in trouble.

A. they B. who

C. which D. what

9. The most important thing we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said.

A. which; that

B. that; which

C. which; which

D. that; that

10. The question is written on the blackboard is difficult.

A. who B. which

第7篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

關(guān)鍵詞:高考 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 考點(diǎn)

在高考英語(yǔ)試卷中,強(qiáng)調(diào)句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點(diǎn)。命題者加大了對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和知識(shí)面的考查,同時(shí)注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的力度,這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)和備考中注意總結(jié),全面把握,深入研究。

一、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是:it be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不用when,where,what等,但是如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人可以用who/whom)+其余的部分。一個(gè)句子除了不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)以外,其他成分都可強(qiáng)調(diào),被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。

以I met him on the street last night.為例。

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)

It was I that who met him on the street last night.

就是我昨天晚上在街上遇見(jiàn)了他。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)

It was him that I met on the street last night.

我昨晚在街上遇到的就是他。

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

It was on the street that I met him last night.

昨晚我就是在街上遇到了他。

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

It was last night that I met him on the street.

就是昨天晚上我在街上遇到了他。

此外,還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)原因或方式狀語(yǔ)。例如:

It was because he was ill that he did not attend the meeting.

因?yàn)樗×?,才沒(méi)來(lái)參加會(huì)議。

It was on foot that he arrived at the village the other day.

那天他就是步行到達(dá)了那個(gè)村莊。

二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的正確判斷

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分必須是對(duì)that/who之后句子的某一成分表示強(qiáng)調(diào),如果把“It is (was)…that”去掉,該句應(yīng)該意思完整,不缺任何句子成分。

1.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句型指現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況用it is,指過(guò)去情況用it was.

Was it her that you referred to?

你指的就是她嗎?

2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分往往是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),但有時(shí)也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容,如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句及not until …,not only…but also…,as well as …等結(jié)構(gòu)。

It was because he missed the early bus that he was late for conference.

就是因?yàn)殄e(cuò)過(guò)了早班車(chē)他開(kāi)會(huì)才遲到了。

3.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),原句用什么格,強(qiáng)調(diào)句也用什么格。

It was we who respected all our teachers.

最尊重我們老師的就是我們。

4.關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的選用,強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who或that;如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)人一律用that.此時(shí)絕不能和定語(yǔ)從句混淆,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或者原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用when,where或why.

It was in this school that I studied English for three years.

就是在這所學(xué)校我學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)。

It was this school where I studied English for three years.(定語(yǔ)從句)

這就是我學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)的學(xué)校。

It was on October 1,1949 that the People@s Republic of China was founded.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

就是在1949年的10月1日了。

It was October 1,1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)

當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候是1949年10月1日。

三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的疑問(wèn)句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Is /Was…who/that…?

Was is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?

究竟是因?yàn)槭裁淬y不能作為導(dǎo)體呢?

四、含有“not…until…”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式

在對(duì)not…until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),主句要用正序。比較下列三個(gè)句子:

1.She did not remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.

2.Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.

3.It was not until she had arrived home that she remember her appointment with the doctor.

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問(wèn)句形式

句式特征為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…,isn't/wasn't it?

第8篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

一、 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句都置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后,形式上非常相似,尤其是由that引導(dǎo)時(shí),最難區(qū)分。實(shí)際上,兩者的根本區(qū)別在于句法功能不同,與先行詞的關(guān)系不同。

1. 句法功能不同

定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,用來(lái)修飾、描述或限制其前面的名詞、代詞(稱(chēng)為先行詞)或整個(gè)句子;同位語(yǔ)從句則相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,是先行詞所述內(nèi)容的展開(kāi),即說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。

定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中一定充當(dāng)句子成分;而同位語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that(被稱(chēng)為連接代詞)在從句中只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。

定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略或被其他詞代替;而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞則一般不能省略,也不能被代替。

例1The news (that / which) we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我們從他的閑談中聽(tīng)到的那個(gè)消息是真實(shí)的。

例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下學(xué)期將教我們英語(yǔ)這個(gè)消息是真實(shí)的。

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例1的中that從句是定語(yǔ)從句,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,用來(lái)限定the news, that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可省略。例2中的that從句是同位語(yǔ)從句,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,本身就是the news的內(nèi)容,that不能省略。

2. 與先行詞關(guān)系不同

定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,當(dāng)that省略時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句本身是一個(gè)不完整的句子。而同位語(yǔ)從句通常與一些本身有具體內(nèi)容可展開(kāi)的名詞連用,對(duì)這些名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或解釋。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)名詞有:answer, belief, doubt, decision, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, promise, question, reason, story, suggestion, thought, truth等。同位語(yǔ)從句本身是一個(gè)完整的句子,常用that連接而不是用which 引導(dǎo),that本身不充當(dāng)句子成分,表示疑問(wèn)意義的名詞(如doubt, question等)后也可用whether, who, what等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。

例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告訴我的事實(shí)非常重要。

例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她還不知道考試成績(jī)這個(gè)事實(shí)是顯而易見(jiàn)的。

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例3中that / which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾fact,用以限定說(shuō)明是哪個(gè)fact,that / which作told的賓語(yǔ),可省略。例4中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,用以說(shuō)明fact的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)句子成分,不可省略。

【甄別的方法】

同位語(yǔ)從句與其所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的系表關(guān)系(即系動(dòng)詞與表語(yǔ)的關(guān)系),因此,可用“主+系+表”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。

比如:將例2的從句與其修飾的名詞用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示,則為:The news is that Mr Li will teach us English next semester,句意通順,系表結(jié)構(gòu)成立,故可判定其為同位語(yǔ)從句。若將例1的從句與其修飾的名詞用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)表示,句意不通順,句子不成立,可判定其不是同位語(yǔ)從句。

二、 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句以It is / was... that... 形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),極易與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型混淆。區(qū)分兩者的關(guān)鍵在于正確判別it和that在句子中的作用。

1. 句法功能不同

在It is / was... that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中,如從句為定語(yǔ)從句,則句首的it是指示代詞,擔(dān)任主句的主語(yǔ),that擔(dān)任從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;如為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,則it和that都是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無(wú)意義,that不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略。

例5It is a question that needs careful consideration.這是一個(gè)需要慎重考慮的問(wèn)題。

例6It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜歡閱讀的是小說(shuō)。

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例5中It為主句的主語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于a question;that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)修飾先行詞a question,that同時(shí)充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),不能省略。例6中的It顯然不能等同于novels,that不擔(dān)任句子成分,但不能省略。

2. 涉及對(duì)象不同

定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ),而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是名詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句。

例7This is the museum (that) we visited last year.這就是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^(guān)過(guò)的博物館。

例8It was in this museum that we saw the famous painting. 我們就是在這家博物館里見(jiàn)到這幅名畫(huà)的。

例9It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因?yàn)樗×?,我們才決定返回。

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例7中的從句為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾、限定名詞the museum。例8為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)in this museum這一介詞短語(yǔ)。例9為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)because she was ill這個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

【甄別的方法】

在It is / was... that... 結(jié)構(gòu)中區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句的方法如下:一是定語(yǔ)從句中的that充當(dāng)句子成分,而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不充當(dāng)句子成分。二是去掉It is / was和that并作適當(dāng)調(diào)整后,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思仍然完整;而定語(yǔ)從句中的that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),如果省略that的話(huà),句子結(jié)構(gòu)不再完整。

如例5,雖然去掉It is和that后句子仍然成立,但that充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),是不能省略的,故為定語(yǔ)從句。而例6中that不充當(dāng)句子成分,去掉It is和that并適當(dāng)調(diào)整后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整,句意成立。

應(yīng)當(dāng)特別指出的是,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),更容易出錯(cuò)。我們可以通過(guò)分析that或who在從句中的作用,以及從句的句意來(lái)區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句。

例10It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.他們是在Smith先生建立的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里完成這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的。

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例10中的前一個(gè)that在從句中作主語(yǔ),不能省略,可用which替換,因此可判定為定語(yǔ)從句,限定其前的名詞the lab。而后一個(gè)that不擔(dān)任句子成分,但不可省略,由此可見(jiàn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)是在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成的。

三、 定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句中,容易與定語(yǔ)從句相混淆的是where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

1. 有無(wú)先行詞不同

當(dāng)where,when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其前必定有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞或時(shí)間名詞。但當(dāng)where,when引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),則會(huì)有兩種情況:一種情況是從句前沒(méi)有名詞,另一種是從句前有名詞,但從句并不修飾該名詞。

例11 Bamboo grows well at the places where there is plenty of rain.

例12Bamboo grows well where

there is plenty of rain.

點(diǎn)評(píng): 這兩個(gè)句子均可譯為“竹子在雨水充沛的地方長(zhǎng)得好”。例11中where前有表地點(diǎn)的名詞places,故為定語(yǔ)從句。例12中的where前則沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

例13I will always remember the days when I lived with my grandparents in the country.

例14I always remember the days in the country when I see the photo of my grandparents.

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例13意為“我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記得跟我祖父母一起住在鄉(xiāng)下的那些日子”,其中when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾the days, when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例14意為“當(dāng)我看到祖父母的照片時(shí),總是會(huì)想起在鄉(xiāng)下的那些日子”,其中when 引導(dǎo)的從句并不修飾前面的名詞the country,因此可判定為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

2. 引導(dǎo)詞不同

當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前面有so / such修飾時(shí),常用as替代that / which作引導(dǎo)詞, 在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分,一般不省略。當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句中含有so / such... that結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),that是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,不擔(dān)任句子成分。

例15This is such an interesting book as all of us want to read.這樣一本有趣的書(shū),我們大家都想讀一讀。

例16This is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it.這本書(shū)是如此有趣,以至于我們大家都想讀一讀。

點(diǎn)評(píng): 例15為定語(yǔ)從句,其中的關(guān)系代詞as指代先行詞book,在定語(yǔ)從句中作及物動(dòng)詞read的賓語(yǔ),但不能省略(這與that / which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略的情況不同)。例16中that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,因此從句中仍然保留了賓語(yǔ)it。

【甄別的方法】

當(dāng)where, when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),一般可被“介詞+ which”替換。如例11中where可用at which 代替,即從句可改為...at which there is plenty of rain;例13中的when可用in which替代,即從句可改為...in which I lived with my grandparents in the country.

當(dāng)where, when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),由于沒(méi)有先行詞,因而不能用“介詞+which”來(lái)替換。如例12中的where不能用“介詞+ which”替代;例14中從句前有名詞,但根據(jù)句意可知并不是從句所修飾的對(duì)象,也不能用“介詞+ which”來(lái)替代。

例15和例16中as和that引導(dǎo)的從句均出現(xiàn)在名詞后,極易混淆。區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵在于as為關(guān)系代詞,在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分,而that為從屬連詞,在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分。如例15中as作read的賓語(yǔ),因此read后不再有別的賓語(yǔ)出現(xiàn);例16中that不擔(dān)任句子成分,而從句謂語(yǔ)read是及物動(dòng)詞,就必須要有賓語(yǔ)it。這是同學(xué)們最容易忽略的地方,答題時(shí)一定要注意這一點(diǎn)。

四、 訓(xùn)練題

1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _____ he went on to Cambridge.

A. from which B. after that

C. after which D. from this

2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

A. why B. that

C. where D. because

3. It was on a Sunday afternoon _____ I went to visit an old friend of mine.

A. when B. on which

C. which D. that

4. It was Sunday _____ I got back to school and met with Tom.

A. that B. when

C. on which D. where

5. Gone are the days _____ we spent together in the mountainous village.

A. that B. when

C. where D. on which

6. Mary was worried about the possibility _____ her daughter might hate to go to school.

A. which B. that

C. if D. as

7. If a shop has chairs _____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that B. which

C. when D. where

8. Where is it _____ he found the watch _____ he had lost the other day?

A. that; that B. which; that

C. when; which D. when; that

9. Such a book _____ you showed me yesterday is difficult to understand.

A. that B. which

C. what D. as

10. His plan was such a good one _____ we all agreed to accept it.

第9篇:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句范文

定語(yǔ)從句一直是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),也是高考??嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。雖然涉及定語(yǔ)從句的條目林林總總,但從題目的設(shè)置來(lái)看,總帶有一定的普遍現(xiàn)象,即一些經(jīng)常遇到的且學(xué)生必須掌握的知識(shí),在試題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。為便于同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)掌握,筆者扼要地對(duì)它的幾種考查點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了歸納和解析,以期對(duì)大家有所啟迪。

考點(diǎn)一:which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是高考設(shè)題的熱點(diǎn)

1.which常用來(lái)指代前面的名詞或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容,一般情況下,用逗號(hào)把它與先行詞隔開(kāi)。整個(gè)主句作為先行詞時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。

【典例1】It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all. (2012年陜西卷)

A. thatB. where

C. whichD. what

解析:C。句意:這是第三次了,她贏(yíng)得了這場(chǎng)比賽,這使我們大家感到驚訝。所填詞前有逗號(hào),是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是整個(gè)主句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),故選C。

【典例2】That evening, I will tell you more about later, I picked up my friend at the airport.

A. thatB. which

C. whatD. when

解析:B。句意:那天晚上,關(guān)于它以后我會(huì)告訴你更多,我去飛機(jī)場(chǎng)接朋友去了。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面的That evening。

2.as可以替代which的用法,且as還有下列用法:as從句可放到主句前面,當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be announced/expected/known/reported/said/imagined/shown等被動(dòng)形式或usually happened/be often the case等表示主句習(xí)慣性或司空見(jiàn)慣之意時(shí)。

【典例1】A lot of language learning,has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. (2012年安徽卷)

A. asB. it

C. whichD. this

解析:A。句意:已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),很多語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在人生的第一年,所以父母應(yīng)該給那段時(shí)期的孩子多講話(huà)。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞是A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life,關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)一句話(huà),引導(dǎo)詞用as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。

【典例2】The water quality in the lake,is shown in the report, has improved over the past two years. (2012年福建卷)

A. thatB. it

C. asD. what

解析:C。句意:正如報(bào)告中顯示的,湖里水的質(zhì)量在過(guò)去的兩年里得到了改善。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,意為“正如在報(bào)告中所寫(xiě)的那樣”,指代整個(gè)主句。

考點(diǎn)二: “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是高考設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,即把從句中的某一介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提到關(guān)系代詞前。

1.簡(jiǎn)單介詞+關(guān)系代詞

用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只能用whom, 指物時(shí)只能用which;介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定;或者以先行詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定;或者以先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用和含義而定。但是,某些含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能拆開(kāi),介詞仍然放在動(dòng)詞之后。

【典例1】Care of the soul is a gradual processeven the small details of life should be considered. (2012年湖南卷)

A. whatB. in what

C. whichD. in which

解析:D。句意:心靈的護(hù)理是一個(gè)逐漸的過(guò)程,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。in which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代前面的process。

【典例2】I always wanted to get the job which Id been trained.

A. onB. for

C. byD. of

解析:B。句意:我過(guò)去總是想得到這份我為之訓(xùn)練的工作。train作動(dòng)詞意為“訓(xùn)練”,后面的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明是什么樣的工作,介詞for表目的。

2.表示部分的詞語(yǔ)+of+關(guān)系代詞

此時(shí),指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:不定代詞all, both, none, neither, either, some, any;數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù));數(shù)詞+名詞;the +最高級(jí)/比較級(jí),以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。 有時(shí)為了行文的需要,也可把表示部分的詞放在關(guān)系代詞的后面。

【典例1】In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses. (2012年四川卷)

A. in whomB. in them

C. of whomD. of them

解析:C。句意:我們班有46個(gè)人,一半人戴眼鏡。前后兩句話(huà)之間無(wú)連詞,故不能用人稱(chēng)代詞them,而應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;在46個(gè)學(xué)生當(dāng)中,表所屬應(yīng)用of。

【典例2】Helen has written two novels, both of have been made into films.

A. themB. that

C. whichD. what

解析:C。句意:Helen寫(xiě)了兩部小說(shuō),且都被拍成了電影。句中的先行詞是two novels,而且后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。

考點(diǎn)三:where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是高考設(shè)題的難點(diǎn)

1. 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),如果從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞常用where,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

【典例1】A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (2011年浙江卷)

A. whenB. that

C. whereD. there

解析:C。句意:銀行,是在天晴之時(shí)借傘給你,到了下起雨來(lái)就催你還回去的地方。連接副詞where在從句中代替place充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。

【典例2】These fish can be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for one or two weeks.

A. whenB. which

C. whereD. while

解析:C。句意:這些魚(yú)可以放入冰箱,在那里可以保存一兩周。先行詞refrigerator在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故選擇關(guān)系副詞where。when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);while是連詞,不能用于定語(yǔ)從句。

2.近年高考試題中對(duì)于where的考查趨于復(fù)雜化,由“明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“模糊的地點(diǎn)”。當(dāng)先行詞是case, point, stage, situation, position, career, business, activity等某人/物的情況、某事發(fā)展的階段、某事的某個(gè)方面的名詞時(shí),且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用where引導(dǎo)。

【典例1】Sales director is a position communication ability is just as importance as sales(2012年重慶卷)

A. whichB. that

C. whenD. where

解析:D。position為先行詞,后面是其定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where,來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

【典例2】Many people believe that the earth is unlike to be the only planetlife has developed gradually.

A. thatB. where

C. whichD. whose

解析:B。句意:許多人認(rèn)為地球不可能是唯一的生命逐漸發(fā)展的星球。where相當(dāng)于in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾planet,且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

考點(diǎn)四:whose與“the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”是新增的考點(diǎn)

1.whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),既可修飾人也可修飾物。

【典例1】I wish to thank Professor Smith, withouthelp I would never have got this far. (2012年天津卷)

A. whoB. whose

C. whomD. which

解析:B。句意:我要感謝Smith教授,沒(méi)有他的幫助我不會(huì)走到今天這一步。who不可放在介詞后,help在從句中作主語(yǔ),其前缺少定語(yǔ),故用whose修飾help。

【典例2】The prize will go to the young manstory shows the most imagination.

A. thatB. which

C. whoseD. what

解析:C。story shows the most imagination修飾先行詞the young man;先行詞the young man和story有所屬關(guān)系,所以用whose。

2.“the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語(yǔ)中常用“whose +名詞”代替,非正式文體中可以用“of which the +名詞”。

【典例1】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years. (2011年江西卷)

A. for whichB. with which

C. of whichD. to which

解析:C。句意:她帶領(lǐng)客人參觀(guān)博物館,博物館的建造工程花費(fèi)了超過(guò)三年的時(shí)間。先行詞為museum,在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),介詞用of。

【典例2】The dinning room, the walls of are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. thatB. it

C. whatD. which

解析:D。先行詞為T(mén)he dinning room,代入定語(yǔ)從句為the walls of the dinning room are painted light green,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)且指物,故用which。

考點(diǎn)五:關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的辨析是高考設(shè)題的焦點(diǎn)

關(guān)系代詞一般作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),而關(guān)系副詞一般作從句的狀語(yǔ)(分別是地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因)。

【典例1】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family. (2011年上海卷)

A. whichB. where

C. whenD. as

解析:A。句意:你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)等在車(chē)站的出租車(chē),你可以雇傭到你的房東家。hire后缺少賓語(yǔ),故用which。

【典例2】We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2012年浙江卷)

A. whyB. when

C. to whomD. on which

解析:B。句意:我們生活在一個(gè)時(shí)代,更多信息可以比以往更輕易有效的時(shí)代。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),修飾先行詞an age(時(shí)代)。

考點(diǎn)六: that, who, whom, when, why的用法是高考設(shè)題的冷點(diǎn)

that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,用法頗多,平時(shí)教材及相關(guān)資料上講述也較多;who, whom主要用于修飾人,用法簡(jiǎn)單; when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)在高考設(shè)題上不是太多,why在選擇題上從未設(shè)過(guò)題。

【典例1】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2012年江蘇卷)

A. whichB. who

C. whereD. what

解析:B。句意:洪水后,那個(gè)地區(qū)受災(zāi)的人們,急需干凈的水、醫(yī)藥和生存的庇護(hù)所。指人的先行詞people在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

【典例2】The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.

A. theyB. where

C. whatD. that

解析:D。句意:這個(gè)老城鎮(zhèn)擁有建的彼此靠近的狹窄的街道和狹小的房屋。定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)指物,因此用 that 。

考點(diǎn)七:定語(yǔ)從句設(shè)題的其他關(guān)注點(diǎn)

1.定語(yǔ)從句中有插入語(yǔ),具有干擾項(xiàng),這增加了做題的難度。

【典例】He made another wonderful discovery,of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it is

D. I think which is

解析:A。句意:他作出了又一次驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn),我認(rèn)為這是很重要的科學(xué)。句中I think是插入語(yǔ),對(duì)做題有干擾。

2.分裂式定語(yǔ)從句,因把先行詞同從句隔開(kāi),具有迷惑性,容易選錯(cuò)答案。

【典例1】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011年陜西卷)

A. whichB. where

C. whoD. that

解析:B。句意:我同朋友一起走到山頂,在那兒我們享受到了湖泊最美的風(fēng)景。先行詞是top,在此處指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where。

【典例2】The days are gone we depended on the others.

A. whenB. that

C. whereD. which

解析:A。句意:我們依賴(lài)別人的日子一去不復(fù)返了。句中先行詞days在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故用when引導(dǎo)分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。

3.定語(yǔ)從句與名詞從句、狀語(yǔ)從句及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等在一起混合使用,增加了解題的難度。

【典例1】Word comes free books will be given to come first in this book fair.

A. which;no matter who

B. that;anyone who

C. which;whoever

D. that;those who

解析:D。句意:免費(fèi)書(shū)籍發(fā)放給最先到達(dá)書(shū)市的那些人的消息傳來(lái)了。第一空填that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,表示word的內(nèi)容。第二空those是先行詞,后接who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

【典例2】―Where did you get to know your husband?

―It was on the farm we worked.

A. thatB. there

C. whichD. where

解析:D。句意:你在哪兒認(rèn)識(shí)了你的丈夫?那是在我們工作的農(nóng)場(chǎng)(我認(rèn)識(shí)了他)。where we worked作farm的定語(yǔ),句末隨前省略了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的后半句that I got to know him。

4.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

限制性定語(yǔ)從句刪去后,句子明顯不完整或很突兀,有時(shí)就像病句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句起到一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,不起任何限制。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句最明顯的標(biāo)志就是有“,”與主句或先行詞隔開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能由that, why引導(dǎo)的。

【典例1】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2012年浙江卷)

A. whichB. who

C. whereD. whom

解析:B。句意:Ellen是一個(gè)以鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和大自然為主的畫(huà)家,出于某種原因,她已經(jīng)從所有的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)中退出。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ),修飾先行詞Ellen。which修飾先行詞是物的定語(yǔ)從句;whom修飾的先行詞為人,且在從句中作賓語(yǔ);where修飾的先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞,且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),均不符合語(yǔ)境,故排除。

【典例2】 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.(2011年福建卷)

A. whichB. where

C. whatD. who

解析:A。句意:她擁有為她的學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一種允許他們互相自由交流氣氛的天賦。在先行詞atmosphere的定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故用which引導(dǎo)。

鞏固提高

1. There is a periodI hated to meet anyone.

A. howB. which

C. whenD. where

2. My aunt bought me an MP4 player,pleased me a lot.

A. whereB. which

C. likeD. that

3. Peter failed to pass the examination again,made his parents very angry.

A. thatB. which

C. itD. who

4. He has six friends there,is a teacher.

A. all of them

B. all of whom

C. none of them

D. none of whom

5. Its the same storyI heard from my classmate just now.

A. while B. which

C. likeD. as

6. In my hometown there is a deep lake, depth has never been measured.

A. that B. whose

C. which D. where

7. It is disgraceful the wayhe treats his parents.

A. / B. which

C. whereD. how

8. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially trueit comes to classroom tests.

A. beforeB. since

C. whenD. after

9. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.

A. Which B. As

C. That D. It

10. The house is being repaired by the workerswe once lived.

A. whichB. where

C. that D. whom

11. I have never seen such a beautiful movieis directed by Zhang Yimou.

A. asB. that

C. which D. it

12. This morning I bought a new notebook, is a picture of an actress.

A. which cover

B. the cover of which

C. its cover

D. the cover of whose

13. There are some moving stories at the school,was near the center of the quake and lost most of its 70 teachers and 473 students.

A. whichB. where

C. thatD. when

14. None of her classmates were killed or injured during the disaster, because the buildingthey studied was among the newest on campus.

A. for whichB. to which

C. from whichD. in which

15. “I have no money, but I have blood.” This word is from a farmer,moved many of us.

A. whichB. that

C. whomD. whose

答案與解析

1.C。名詞period意為“一段時(shí)間,時(shí)期”,后接的定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故選when。

2.B。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代前面的句子。

3.B。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,it不能引導(dǎo)從句,who修飾的先行詞必須是人,故本題選B,which指代前面一句話(huà)。

4.D。因從句謂語(yǔ)用了is,其主語(yǔ)不能用all,排除A和B。如在C項(xiàng)前加and,則C對(duì)。

5.D。句意:這故事跟我剛才從我同學(xué)那兒聽(tīng)到的相同。as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中充當(dāng)heard的賓語(yǔ)。

6.B。名詞depth前缺少定語(yǔ),故用whose,whose depth=the depth of the lake。其余的詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不可作定語(yǔ)。

7.A。way作先行詞時(shí),如果從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或in which,并且引導(dǎo)詞還可以省略。

8.C。when it comes to…是一個(gè)固定句型,意為“當(dāng)談到……時(shí)”。

9.B。as用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,指代主句的整個(gè)概念,位置可置于句首,句中或句末,而which引導(dǎo)的從句只置于句末。

10.B。本題考查的是分裂式定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the house,而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

11.A。與such a beautiful movie 搭配應(yīng)是as。

12.B。the cover of which=whose cover。

13.A。 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代前面的the school。

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